By C. Gene Cayten;Max Goldberg;Nanakram Agrawal
ISBN-10: 0071475664
ISBN-13: 9780071475662
ISBN-10: 0071509372
ISBN-13: 9780071509374
Read Online or Download Lange Q&A: Surgery 5th Edition (Lange's Q & A: Surgery) PDF
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Extra info for Lange Q&A: Surgery 5th Edition (Lange's Q & A: Surgery)
Example text
However, factor XI can be activated even when factor XII is deficient. Calcium is required for nearly all of the enzyme reactions in both the intrinsic and extrinsic systems. The amount of ionized calcium required for these reactions is extremely small, and clinical hypocalcemia itself is not a cause of abnormal bleeding. Fibrin split products are not part of the normal pathway in either the intrinsic or extrinsic system. The excessive breakdown of fibrinogen results in measurable amounts of the breakdown products of fibrinogen in the blood.
The lipid A portion is probably responsible for the toxicity. 66. (C) Most patients are elderly. The underlying conditions leading to septic shock occur more commonly in elderly patients. The mortality is higher in this patient population. The overall mortality rate exceeds 40–50%. Gram-positive organisms, parasites, or fungi also may be responsible. The genitourinary and respiratory tracts are more common sources for initiating sepsis. Two or more organisms are found in 10–20% of cases. 67. (C) The patient’s clinical picture is suggestive of cardiogenic shock.
C) Glucose infusion should not exceed 4–5 mg/kg/min, equivalent to 365–432 g for this patient. The patient is receiving 750 g of glucose. Glucose has a respiratory quotient of 1. Excess glucose results in increased production of CO2, making it difficult to wean the patient off ventilator. Treatment consists of reducing glucose load and providing fat calories (up to 40% of total calories). 7, resulting in decreased production of CO2. 85. (C) Systemic vascular resistance (an approximation of afterload) is a calculated value.
Lange Q&A: Surgery 5th Edition (Lange's Q & A: Surgery) by C. Gene Cayten;Max Goldberg;Nanakram Agrawal
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