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PORTAL VEIN 3 Islets from two or more cadavers are injected into the portal vein of the recipient's liver and lodge in its branches. There they secrete the insulin needed to maintain health. ISLET Copyright 1995 Scientific American, Inc. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN July 1995 51 other islet cells produce hormones that help to regulate the amount of insulin synthesized. Early Excitement T o carry out such studies, we had to obtain islets from laboratory animals. Yet those cell clusters constitute only 2 percent of the pancreas by weight and are scattered within it.
The key to ensuring long-term health, then, is to provide therapy that can ENZYME-PRODUCING CELL INSULINPRODUCING CELL WHITE BLOOD CELL LIVER DUCT ISLET OF LANGERHANS BLOOD VESSEL PANCREAS TOMO NARASHIMA SMALL INTESTINE 1 Surgeons remove the pancreas from a human cadaver. 50 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN July 1995 Copyright 1995 Scientific American, Inc. maintain glucose values within normal limits at all times from the start of the disease. An ideal treatment would be implantation of islets, because functional islets would restore proper insulin production and, in theory, would have to be implanted only once; native islets survive for many years and carry within them the precursor cells needed to supply replacements for cells that die.
Molecular analysis of DNA can provide insight into the history of endangered or rare species. Moreover, such an approach can provide a yardstick with which one can measure the diÝerences between populations. For the red wolf, we feel the problem of classiÞcation was largely resolved by DNA testing. But the issues raised by identifying the red wolf as a hybrid species highlight the diÛculties of determining how to rank endangered species, subspecies and hybrids in protection eÝorts. Those challenges need closer attention if conservation biologists are to make the best possible choices for the preservation of our natural heritage.
[Magazine] Scientific American. Vol. 273. No 1
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