By Sal Restivo
ISBN-10: 0585188858
ISBN-13: 9780585188850
ISBN-10: 0934223211
ISBN-13: 9780934223218
Restivo deals sociological insights on and analyses of the clinical revolution, clinical development, laboratory existence, technological know-how coverage, arithmetic, and epistemology.
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Extra info for Science, Society, and Values: Toward a Sociology of Objectivity
Example text
There were communities of "scientists" in Hellenistic Alexandria. And there was an Arabic-Islamic "scientific community" that stretched from Spain to Persia by the thirteenth century. But these and other even earlier examples in East and West must be considered "proto-scientific" in terms of my working definition of modern science. 16 China, for all of its triumphs in science and technology, did not undergo a "spontaneous autochthonous" (Needham's term) scientific revolution. 17 The status of the scholar was high in China.
41 Ben-David notes that Kuhn and Merton were not opposed for at least a decade following the publication of Kuhn's work on scientific revolutions. 43 But even the British tended to adopt Kuhn as the standard-bearer for an analysis of science that has been generally far less radical than proclaimed in the advertisements for British anti-Mertonian sociology of science. 45 He has also pointed out numerous convergences between his work and Kuhn's. Merton criticizes Kuhn's restrictive sociology but insists that he and Kuhn are at one regarding the significance of the institutions and values of science as contexts for cognitive decisions.
And sociologists of science cannot afford to alienate the scientists they study by criticizing their ideas and actions, including how their social roles, organizations, and products fit into society. It is precisely this sort of criticism of "our" science, "our" culture, and "our" sociology of science that I want to pursue and encourage. 60 In the following sections, I develop a portrait of modern science that reveals the rationale for a critical sociology of science. At the same time, I develop the idea of a sociology of objectivity.
Science, Society, and Values: Toward a Sociology of Objectivity by Sal Restivo
by Ronald
4.5