By Barry Gower
ISBN-10: 0415122813
ISBN-13: 9780415122818
The primary subject operating all through this awesome new survey is the character of the philosophical debate created via glossy science's beginning in experimental and mathematical strategy. extra lately, reputation that reasoning in technological know-how is probabilistic generated excessive debate approximately no matter if and the way it's going to be restricted that allows you to make sure the sensible sure bet of the conclusions drawn. those debates dropped at gentle problems with a philosophical nature which shape the center of many medical controversies this present day. Scientific approach: A historic and Philosophical Introduction offers those debates via transparent and comparative dialogue of key figures within the heritage of technological know-how. Key chapters seriously discuss
* Galileo's demonstrative technique, Bacon's inductive procedure, and Newton's ideas of reasoning
* the increase of probabilistic `Bayesian' equipment within the eighteenth century
* the strategy of hypotheses during the paintings of Herschel, Mill and Whewell
* the conventionalist perspectives of Poincaré and Duhem
* the inductivism of Peirce, Russell and Keynes
* Popper's falsification in comparison with Reichenbach's enumerative induction
* Carnap's medical technique as Bayesian reasoning
The debates are cited thus far within the ultimate chapters via contemplating the ways that principles approximately procedure within the actual and organic sciences have affected pondering procedure within the social sciences. This debate is analyzed in the course of the rules of key theorists akin to Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend.
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Extra info for Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction
Example text
They require, rather, that we envisage some very simple and schematic arrangement of familiar objects in circumstances which leave no room for doubt about what will happen. For with these thought experiments, or experiments performed in the laboratory of the mind, he could avoid some of the disadvantages of real experiments. With them he could provide assurance that observation, albeit observation by the mind’s eye, had some controlling influence in his study of motion, as indeed observation must have in any science.
His work was in the tradition of Euclid, Galileo Galilei 27 building upon the foundations provided in the Elements to establish, for example, truths about the surface area and volume of a sphere. But he also laid the foundation of that part of mechanics we now call statics, the science of bodies in equilibrium. His extensive writings only became widely available to scholars in the sixteenth century, several editions of them being published in Venice. For Galileo, who was familiar with some of Archimedes’ treatises, it was especially important that he had shown that the axiomatic method need not be confined to geometry or arithmetic but could also b e used to reach new conclusions in mechanics.
There are three participants in the dialogues: Salviati, who is Galileo’s persona and spokesman; Sagredo, who speaks as an intelligent layman and expresses an ideal reader’s reactions and conclusions; and Simplicio, who defends a version of traditional Aristotelian views on natural philosophy. All three are based on real people known to Galileo. The model for Salviati was Filippo Salviati, a wealthy young Florentine and one of a number of philosophers who associated themselves with Galileo when he returned to Florence as the Grand Duke’s mathematician and philosopher.
Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction by Barry Gower
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