By Steven Olderr
ISBN-10: 0786490675
ISBN-13: 9780786490677
Using symbolism is an artwork, no longer a technology. varied humans use symbols in a number of methods and every image may have various meanings, even in the similar tradition. no longer strangely, picking out the which means of symbols should be tough. This priceless reference defines the overall symbolism of over 15,000 phrases, from historical to trendy, in addition to really expert meanings in mythology, faith, artwork, literature, folklore, flower language, astrology, heraldry, numerology, and cultures across the world. From "0" to "Zu," each one access catalogs all attainable connotations, indexed by way of tradition whilst applicable, developing the main complete symbolism dictionary on hand.
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Additional resources for Symbolism: A Comprehensive Dictionary (2nd Edition)
Sample text
Philip; man suspended in a basket by a rope: St. Paul; Christ with baskets of bread: Feeding 26 bat • bay laurel of the 5,000 • Egyptian attribute of Bast, Isis; standing on a basket: lordship, mastery, supremacy; basket chalice: wholeness; togetherness under heavenly rule; basket in a ceremonial procession of Isis: hiding place of religious secrets; vulture on a basket: conception within the womb • Greco-Roman basket of fruit and a covered phallus: powers of life and death, Dionysian/Bacchic fertility; three maidens with baskets on their heads: associated with Hermes/Mercury; ivy-covered basket: Dionysian/Bacchic mysteries, emblem of Demeter/Ceres • Hindu winnowing basket: attribute of Dhumavat • Italian female warrior among shepherds and basket-makers: Erminia • Jewish infant in basket: the birth of Moses bat (animal) night; death; misfortune; envy; black magic; infernal power or being; desolation; stalled spiritual development; cunning; terror; madness; hidden fears; the dark side of the unconscious; blindness; revenge; idolatry; longevity; wisdom; a woman between 80 and 90 years of age; attribute of the devil, Dracula, witches, vampires, the personifications of Night, Pride • chariot drawn by bats attribute of Night personified • African perspicacity; darkness; obscurity; a dead soul; associated with rain • alchemic androgyny • Apache invoked to prevent horses from falling • Australian aboriginal the soul of a man • Aztecan attribute of Nahua • Babylonian ghosts • biblical idolatry • Buddhist darkened understanding • Cakchiquel Chamalkan • Central American Indian attribute of Mictlantecuhtli • Chami attribute of Aribada • Chinese a yin animal; happiness; contentment; peace; longevity; lucky; two bats: good wishes; emblem of Shouhsing; five bats: the blessings of longevity, wealth, health, virtue and a natural death; fungus with bat: longevity, happiness • Christian duplicity; hypocrisy; melancholy; an incarnation of the devil; bat wings: attribute of the devil • Egyptian bat’s head: charm to keep doves from leaving the dovecote • Fulani clear-sightedness; enemy of light; blindness to patent truths; filth; topsy-turvy world view • Greco-Roman vigilance; aphrodisiac; Minya’s daughters; attribute of Artemis/Diana • Guatemalan Indian Camazotz • heraldic cunning; coolness in the time of danger; awareness of the powers of darkness and chaos • Indic bat flying into a house: death omen • Irish death • Ivorian souls of the deadl • Japanese chaos; unhappy restlessness; attribute of Fukurokuju • Jewish impurity; idolatry; fear; an unclean anima • Kwakiutl ghost; charm for a child’s cradle to make it sleep • Macedonian bat’s bone: good luck charm • Maori evil omen • Mayan ruler of fire; destroyer of life; eater of light; associated with underworld gods; death • Mexican Indian death god; associated with North • North American Indian associated with rain; Great Plains: trickster • Polish lucky • Renaissance prolific motherhood • Samoan Sepi Malosi; Taisumale • Taoist a food of immortality • Tongan souls of the dead • Tupi-Guarani death god • Tupinamba a bat will swallow the sun at the end of the world • Zuni harbinger of rain bat (fuller’s) see fuller’s bat bath purification; initiation; regeneration; luxury; warm bath return to the womb, sensual pleasure, an assault on chastity • cold bath selfmortification • bathing in sacred waters promotion of fertility baton see wand battering ram destruction; fertilization; phallus battle conflict with ideas, beliefs, a portion of oneself battle axe see axe Baubo • Greek mature feminine wantonness bay (topography) vagina • see also harbor bay laurel inspiration; triumph; victory, especially in a spiritual sense; renewal of life; immortality; achievement in poetry, song, and the arts in general; fecundity; glory; merit; reward; joy; peace; death; mourning; protection; truce; perfidy; Winter; chastity; eternity; immortality; associated with Leo, the archangels Gabriel, Michael • wreath distinction in literature or music; death; mourning • British resurrection • Chinese immortality • Christian crown of martyrs • flower language glory; reward of merit; the Arts; I change but in death; common laurel: perfidy; ground laurel: perseverance; mountain laurel: ambition, glory; spurge laurel: coquetry, desire to please; red bay love; memory; rose bay (oleander): danger; beware • Greco-Roman victory; truce; peace; inspiration; chastity; sacred to Daphne, Dionysus/Bacchus, Hera/Juno, Artemis/Diana, Silvanus, Hestia/Vesta, sometimes Apollo; associated with the Muses, poetry; bay laurel sprouting from the arms of a maiden: Daphne; bay laurel grove: Parnassus; bay laurel wreath: victory at the Pythian games, intellectual and military glory, attribute of Apollo, Clio; withering bay tree: death omen • heraldic peace; triumph; renown; success; victory; glory; poetry • portraiture implies the subject had literary or artistic merit bayberry bayberry illusions; appearances • bayberry candles the New Year; lucky; prosperity beach see shore beacon safety; vigilance; watchfulness; religion; the Final Port; warning of danger; communication; guidance; man’s remoteness and solitude; salvation; refuge • beacon fire communication between men • Christian Christ; the Bible; the Word of God • heraldic watchfulness; service giving an alarm beads memory; rosary; the feminine principle • blue beads protection against the evil eye • gold beads protection against the evil eye, malevolent spirits, and throat diseases • string of beads children; continuity; perpetuity • stringing beads coition • see also rosary beans false philosophy; immortality; transmogrification; worthlessness; energy; ghosts; resurrection; reincarnation; a humble food; sunshine in solid form; connected with witches, magic power; attribute of Gratitude personified • beanstalk usually a favorable symbol; the ladder to heaven; World Tree • Egyptian bean fields: place where the dead awaited reincarnation • Greco-Roman souls of the dead; communion with the dead; Spring gift of the dead to the living; black bean: a negative vote; white bean: a positive vote • Hindu bean seedling: love charm • Japanese kidney beans (usually roasted): exorcism; preservation; charm against demons, unlucky, lightning bear bravery; strength; self-restraint; cruelty; evil; danger; a difficulty; obstacle; violence; clumsiness; solitariness; martyrdom; Satan; Gluttony personified; nobility; stubbornness; silliness; ugliness; triviality; melancholy; voluptuousness; the Terrible Mother; danger of the unconscious; crudity; emblem of Russia, the Kingdom of Persia; associated with moon goddesses, pessimism or declining prices on the stock market, the archangel Samael • hibernating bear emerging from its den resurrection • bear emerging from its den with its newborn cub new life; initiation • bull and bear two contending powers of the universe, such as positive/negative, male/female • bear and lion emblem of the devil • Ainu divine messenger; ancestor of the race; mountain god • alchemic instincts; primary phase of development; associated with black • Algonquin grandfather of the race • American grizzly bear: emblem of California, Montana • Celtic a lunar power; the warrior caste; temporal power; emblem of Berne; boar and bear: spiritual authority and temporal power respectively • Chinese strength; • beard 27 bravery; herald of the birth of a boy • Christian the devil; evil; cruelty greed; carnal appetite; attribute of SS Blandina, Gall, Florentinus, Maximus, Euphemia; David fighting with a bear: the conflict between Christianity and the devil; bear cubs: the transforming power of Christianity • Greco-Roman Arcas, Kallisto/Callisto; companion of Artemis/Diana; attribute of Atalanta, Euphemia • heraldic power; strength; cunning; tenacity; ferocity in the protection of one’s kindred • Inuit polar bear: a form of Tuurngasuk; ten-legged bear: Kokogiak • Islamic a wretched, disgusting creature • Japanese benevolence; wisdom; strength • Jewish the Kingdom of Persia • Norse sacred to Thor; the she-bear Atla was the feminine principle, and the he-bear Atli was the masculine principle; bearskin: attire of berserkers; bear with human eyes: a berserker • North American Indian supernatural power; strength; fortitude; bear tracks: good omen • Pueblo associated with powers of the underworld • Russian friend of mankind • Samian bear-man: Leib-olmai • Siberian omniscience; associated with the moon • Siouan guardian of the East • Tibetan black bear: attribute of Da • Ural-Altaic messenger of the forest spirits; ancestor of the race; omniscience beard honor; strength; virility; manhood; sovereignty; age; wisdom; protection from one’s emotions or environment • bearded woman a witch, androgyny • blue beard evil • gold beard the sun; attribute of a sun hero • gray beard old age • white beard attribute of a sage • art in early art, a beard indicated a person still living (the dead were shown clean shaven) • Chinese white-faced long-bearded man with bow and arrows and small boy: Chang Hsien • Christian white beard: attribute of SS Roulade, Paul the Hermit, Bernardino of Siena; red beard: attribute of the devil • Egyptian bearded queen: power equal to a king • Far Eastern old age • GrecoRoman bird with a bearded woman’s head: a siren; gray beard: attribute of Chronos; red beard: attribute of Odysseus/Ulysses • Japanese long white beard: attribute of Jurojin • Jewish cutting a beard: infamy, shaming, penance, servility, punishment, mourning, sorrow; unkempt beard: a sign of madness; kissing a beard: sign of respect; covering a beard: mourning, sorrow • Norse red beard: attribute of Thor • SumeroSemitic cutting a beard: infamy, shaming, penance, servility, punishment, mourning, sorrow; unkempt beard: a sign of madness; kissing a beard: sign of respect; covering a beard: mourning, sorrow 28 bearded crepis • beggar bearded crepis • flower language protection beast selfishness; self-centeredness; the lower instincts • Christian four beasts of the Apocalypse: desires of the four lower chakras beating punishment • beating one’s breast or thighs anguish; grief; repentance • beating one’s forehead grief; shame; wonder • see also flagellation beauty nobility; charity; virtue; immortality; strength • Celtic beautiful woman washing bloody clothes at a ford: death omen; beautiful woman weeping: death omen beaver industriousness; engineering; wisdom; self-mutilation; self-sacrifice; peace; vigilance; emblem of Canada, formerly an emblem of Germany • American euphemism for female pubic hair; emblem of Washington state • Christian chastity; asceticism; the Christian who makes sacrifices for the sake of his spiritual life • heraldic sacrifice; peacefulness; tolerance; vigilance; industry; perseverance; skill (especially in castle building) • Siouan guardian of the South bed repose; marriage; procreation; coition; rest; illness; childbirth; secrecy; anguish; reflection; languishing; place of regeneration, procreation, birth, death; a phase of thought or opinion; dispensation of justice; luxury • Christian man carrying bed: Christ’s healing of the paralytic bee industry; creative activity; obedience; diligence; good order; bureaucracy; wealth; eloquence; poetry; a soul; sweetness; prophecy; death; immortality; virginity; chastity; fertility; rebirth; wisdom; flattery; temptation; madness; punishment; stars; messengers to the spirit world; messengers of oak and thunder gods; emblem of Beethoven, Napoleon, Assyria • bees carved on a tomb immortality • Celtic secret wisdom coming from the other world • Chaldean royalty • Chinese industry; thrift • Christian diligence; good order; courage; economy; chaste virgins; purity; cooperation; sweetness; religious eloquence; the ordered and pious community; the risen Christ; Mary’s virginity; Christian vigilance; Christian zeal in acquiring virtue; beehive with bees: the Church and Christians respectively; bee and honey: the Virgin Mary and Christ respectively • Egyptian regal power; birth; death; resurrection; chastity; harmonious living; royalty; the soul leaving the body at death; emblem of the pharaoh of Lower Egypt; worker bees: the tears of Ra • Essene “king” bees: priestly officials • folkloric a woman who was not stung when thrown into bees was a virgin • Greco-Roman industry; prosperity; immortality; purity; a lunar and virgin insect; bestowers of eloquence and song; harbinger of a stranger; emblem of Cybele, Demeter/Ceres, Eros/Cupid, Rhea, Artemis/Diana; beekeepers: Pan/Faunus, Priapus; lion and bees: Demeter/Ceres and her priestesses • heraldic industry; sovereignty; well-governed industry; the Carolingians • Hindu Soma; bee on a lotus: Vishnu; blue bees on the forehead: attribute of Krishna; bee surmounting a triangle: Shiva; bowstring made of bees: attribute of Kama • Islamic the faithful; intelligence; wisdom; harmlessness • Jewish government in good order • Mithraic the soul; androgyny • Roman breath of life; justice; sobriety; monarchy; swarm of bees: misfortune; headless bee: averts the evil eye • see also beehive beech victory; honor; prosperity; divination; sacred to Zeus/Jupiter; associated with books, sexuality, the archangels Cassiel, Michael; emblem of Denmark • flower language prosperity • heraldic historical knowledge; tolerance beehive cooperation; industry; thrift; abundance; well-being; activity; society thriving on rapacity; eloquence; earth soul; protective motherhood; workshop; maternal protection; attribute of Hope personified • American emblem of Utah • Christian the Church; the papacy; a monastic community; attribute of SS Bernard of Clairvaux, Ambrose (especially with two scourges), Chrysostom; beehive with bees: the Church and Christians respectively • Gallic beehive on a pole: attribute of Nantosuelta • Greek beehive-shaped tomb: immortality • Roman staff topped with a beehive: emblem of Mellonia • see also bee Beelzebub • Christian, Jewish gluttony; worship of false gods beer masculinity; drink of the common man; in very ancient times, the drink of the gods • Celtic drink of warriors and royalty • Egyptian drink of immortality • Tutsi banana beer: drink of the warrior class beetle death; witchcraft; fairies; sundown; life reduced to smallness; a stupid person; the Self; blindness • Egyptian rebirth; prosperity; resurrection; abundance; lucky; ram-headed beetle: the West wind, Hutchaiui; dung beetle: Khepri • folkloric beetle flying through the house: unlucky • heraldic modesty; a reminder of worldly sorrows • Irish dung beetle: slander, sin, leprosy • see also ladybug; scarab beggar indigence; poverty; independence • female beggar holding a heavy stone Poverty person- begging bowl ified • Chinese beggar taking the pill of immortality: Han Chung-li • Christian St.
Martha aspergillum • Christian exorcism of evil spirits; attribute of SS Martha, Benedict, Anthony the Great, and other saints famed for their contests with the devil asphodel death; loss of consciousness; humility; associated with Saturn (planet) • Christian at- 22 aspiration • Autumn tribute of the Virgin Mary • flower language my regrets follow you to the grave • GrecoRoman emblem of Persephone/Proserpine, Dionysus/Bacchus; associated with the Elysian Fields, paradise, the Islands of the Blessed; in later times associated with the dead, Hades, the afterlife, regret, cemeteries, ruins aspiration the yearning of lower nature for the higher Asrafil, Archangel • Islamic recording angel ass (donkey) humility; patience; stubbornness; ignorance; honesty; courage; wisdom; cleverness; obstinate stupidity; greatness; steadiness; peace; salvation; lust; lewdness; sensuality; subservience; foolishness; sentimentality; inconstancy; pride; conceit; jealousy; a man between 80 and 90 years of age; messenger of death; associated with the poor, the sun; attribute of the personifications of Sloth, Inconstancy, Stupidity, Temperance • she-ass humility; peace; poverty; patience; courage • ass and millstone attributes of Obedience personified • stumbling ass an unbeliever • chariot drawn by an ass attribute of the personifications of Idleness, Peacemaking • ass skin coat or cloak humility • ass in a lion’s skin a coward who hectors; a fool who apes a wise man • head of an ass fertility • ass ears on a human stupidity; a buffoon; folly; a lewd character; attribute of jesters • Chinese stupidity; white ass ridden backwards: steed of Chang Kuo • Christian the Flight into Egypt; Christ’s entry into Jerusalem; emblem of St.
Januarius; with robin: St. Mungo; with sword piercing his skull or hand: St. Thomas Becket; with sword piercing a book: St. Boniface; with three children in a tub: St. ) • red and black life and death respectively • red, white, and black the three stages of initiation • black flag death; pirates; execution of criminals • black hand or spot impending death or murder • black virgin opposing aspects of the Great Mother—creator/destroyer, birth/death, etc. • black garments renunciation of worldly vanities; mourning for an irrevocable loss • black sails an ill-fated ship • African associated with night, ordeal, suffering, mystery; North Africa: earth, fertility • alchemic the absence of color; associated with the first stage of the Great Work, the arcane, matter, sin, penitence, dissolution, fermentation, the sinister, descent into hell • Algonquin associated with North • Andaman associated with the human spirit • Aztecan associated with North • Buddhist the darkness of bondage • Chaldean emblem of the moon • Chinese evil; North; yin; water; black clouds: portent of floods; Black Tortoise: primordial chaos; associated with Winter; black face on stage: a humble but honest person; ritual face-blackening: self-abasement; appeal for pardon • Christian associated with hell, death, mourning, sorrow, humiliation, humility, despair, spiritual darkness, corruption, witchcraft, penance; liturgical color for Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, masses for the dead; attribute of the devil; black clerical garments: humility, penitence, renunciation of worldly vanities; black with dark red: colors of Satan; black nimbus: occasional attribute of Judas Iscariot • Egyptian associated with rebirth, resurrection, earth, fertility, eternal life, destruction, Osiris, Anubis, Min; attribute of evil Genii; black dove: a woman who remained a widow until death • English (Elizabethan) black blanket hung on a theater: a tragedy being performed • GrecoRoman mortality; attribute of Castor, Cronus/Saturn; black bull: sacrifice to Poseidon/Neptune • heraldic prudence; wisdom; grief; penitence; constancy • Hindu time; the dark aspect of Kali, Durga; tamas; sensual and downward movement; antidote for envy, the evil eye; the color of Vishnu • Islamic divine essence; the color to which all colors lead; as- sociated with destruction, rebellion, the Abbasids; black banner: revolt; black dog: brings death in a family; black garments: renunciation of worldly vanities; black hen: used in witchcraft; black turban: mission of vengeance • Italian emblem of the Guelphs • Kabalistic understanding; the Kingdom of God; associated with the archangel Cassiel • Masonic associated with Malkut, the Kingdom • Mayan associated with West, death, the mother, the hidden center, misfortune • Mexican Indian associated with North • Norse half-white/half-black goddess: Hel • Persian associated with mourning • Pueblo associated with the underworld black moon the intangible; the unattainable; the overwhelming presence of absence and absence of presence; hyperlucidity; energy that must be mastered; karma that must be cleansed; the extremes of attraction and repulsion; the quest for the Absolute at all costs; annihilation; maleficent passions to be overcome; absolute void; associated with Lilith • see also moon blackberry repentance; worthlessness • Celtic British: a taboo food; associated with death, fairies, the devil blackbird an underworld deity; unlucky; evil; the darkness of sin; temptation; cunning; vigilance; resignation; inspiration • black-colored bird intelligence • Christian the devil; temptations of the flesh; the devil tempting St.
Symbolism: A Comprehensive Dictionary (2nd Edition) by Steven Olderr
by James
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