By Jeremy J. Warford
The economywide coverage reform courses which were undertaken in constructing nations lately usually tackle macroeconomic issues of very little regard for his or her environmental influence, be it confident or adverse. This publication and its spouse quantity of case experiences exhibit that there are major payoffs from a better knowing of such impacts.
The case experiences, summarized in quantity I and provided in complete in quantity II, supply empirical facts of the hyperlinks among macroeconomic rules and the surroundings and replicate a variety of state occasions and environmental difficulties: pollution concerns in Poland and Sri Lanka; deforestation and land degradation in Costa Rica; migration and deforestation within the Philippines; overgrazing of agricultural lands in Tunisia; overcultivation in Ghana; water source depletion in Morocco; and flora and fauna administration in Zimbabwe. The volumes additionally exhibit the diversity of analytical tools used to spot the linkages among coverage activities and their environmental affects.
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Additional info for The Greening of Economic Policy Reform: Principles
Sample text
All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing February 1997 Second printing December 1997 Environment Papers are published to communicate the latest results of the Bank's environmental work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available.
We obviously have a long way to go before environmental impact assessment of economic policies can be used systematically in public decisionmaking; nevertheless, this work helps to reinforce the case that imperfect knowledge should not be an excuse for inaction. In many important cases, the potential environmental consequences of economic policies may be discernible, and the direction in which compensatory or defensive measures should go, is quite apparent. C. Page vii Acknowledgments We acknowledge the comments and suggestions that were received during the course of many discussions, workshops, and reviews, from colleagues within and outside the World Bank.
For a recent review of the literature, see Eskeland and Jimenez 1991. 3See Baumol and Oates 1988. Proof that marketable permits minimize compliance costs can be found in Pearce and Turner 1990, Chapter 8, and in Tietenberg 1985. Page 13 input. There may not, in other words, be a proportional relationship between consumption of the input, such as fuel, and the emission of pollutants. A tax on coal consumption, designed to reduce emissions of particulates, for example, would not in itself encourage environmentally sound behavior.
The Greening of Economic Policy Reform: Principles by Jeremy J. Warford
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