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In this view, citizenship is concerned with the individual’s capacity to influence the political system; it implies active involvement in political life. It is this latter view we will focus on here and throughout this book. Beyond these definitional concerns, there are different ways to understand what is involved in democratic citizenship. For example, one might argue that government exists primarily in order to advance the economic interests of the community and individuals within the community.

Indeed, it might be proper to say that these ideas were “embedded” within the prevailing model, to which they were largely subservient. ” The New Public Management holds that government should engage in only those activities that cannot be privatized or contracted out and that, more generally, market mechanisms should be employed wherever possible so that citizens will be presented with choices among service delivery options. ” Finally, the New Public Management suggests that public managers “steer rather than row,” that is, that they move toward becoming monitors of policy implementation or purchasers of services rather than being directly involved in service delivery itself.

The development of corporate plans (and) performance agreements, the introduction of performance-linked remuneration systems, . . and a greater concern for THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 15 corporate image; a general preference for monetary incentives rather than non-monetary incentives, such as ethics, ethos, and status; and a stress on cost-cutting, efficiency, and cutback management. (Boston 1991, 9–10) Around the World The effectiveness of this practical reform agenda in such countries as New Zealand, Australia, Great Britain, and later the United States put governments around the world on notice that new standards were being sought and new roles established.

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