By Renato D. Lopes, Robert A. Harrington
ISBN-10: 0071792651
ISBN-13: 9780071792653
Understanding medical Research addresses either the operational demanding situations of medical trials and the desires of clinicians to appreciate the nuances of study tips on how to properly examine research effects. This well timed source covers all points of scientific trials—from examine layout and data to regulatory oversight—and it offers a close but streamlined evaluation of must-know study topics.
The textual content good points an available three-part association that lines the evolution of medical study and explains the bedrock ideas and precise demanding situations of medical experimentation and observational learn. Reinforcing this content material are real-life case examples—drawn from the authors' vast experience—that positioned bankruptcy ideas into motion and give a contribution to a operating wisdom of imperative study techniques.
FEATURES:
• The such a lot definitive consultant to selling excellence in scientific research, designed to empower healthcare companies to evaluate a study's strengths and weaknesses with self assurance and follow this data to optimize sufferer outcomes
• In-depth assurance of primary examine equipment and protocols from preeminent authorities presents readers with an instructive primer and a springboard for ongoing scientific learn education
• Clear, entire three-part organization:
• Section One: Evolution of scientific Research deals a succinct historical past of scientific trials, drug rules, and the function of the FDA whereas overlaying the impression of data know-how and educational examine organizations
• Section : ideas of medical Experimentation takes you thru the common stages of medical trials within the improvement of scientific products,from preliminary human topic study to put up approval surveillance studies
• Section 3: Observational Research highlights the underlying rules, pitfalls, and techniques for case-control reviews, cohort stories, registries, and subgroup analyses inside randomized trials
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Additional info for Understanding Clinical Research
Example text
Takehara K, LeRoy EC, Grotendorst GR. TGF-/3 inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation: alteration of EGF binding and EGF-induced growth-regulatory (competence) gene expression. Cell 1987;49:415-422. 27. Eaglstein WHo Wound healing and aging. Dermatol Clin 1986;4:481-484. 28. Siskind GW. Aging and the immune system. In: Warner HR, Butler RN, Sprott RL, et al, eds. Modern Biological Theories of Aging. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1987:235-242. 29. Hefton JM, Darlington GJ, Casazza BA, et al. Immunologic studies of aging, V: impaired proliferation of PHA responsive human lymphocytes in culture.
Therefore, it is important to carry out parallel studies in vivo whenever feasible. The first attempts to quantitate the extent of age-associated change in proliferative activity in vivo were carried out by enumeration of tritium-labeled interphase and mitotic cells in autoradiographic preparations of tissue from laboratory animals that had previously been pulsed with labeled thymidine. This technology permits quantitation of the following phases of the cell cycle: pre-DNA synthesis (G I ), DNA synthesis, post-DNA synthesis (G 2) , and mitosis (M).
In addition, cell function is influenced by 1. Cellular Aging 13 Table 104. Selected stochastic theories of aging, corresponding types of damage, and repair mechanisms. Source, y Rothstein,55 1987 Name of theory Protein error catastrophe Setlow ,56 1987 Somatic mutation Katz and Robison,43 1986; Harman,45 1986 Free-radical Molecular substrate Mechanism of primary change Primary: proteins; secondary: errors of DNA synthesis Primary: DNA; secondary: production of abnormal proteins Random errors of transcription and translation Random errors during replication and repair, damage by physical and chemical mutagens Free-radical damage to macromolecules, eg, lipid peroxidation All macromolecules, lipids most frequently the extracellular matrix that is known to undergo qualitative and quantitative changes with age.
Understanding Clinical Research by Renato D. Lopes, Robert A. Harrington
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