Fast Reactor Safety by John Graham (Eds.) PDF

By John Graham (Eds.)

ISBN-10: 0122949501

ISBN-13: 9780122949500

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5 deals with the assessment of stability in detail. Here we are concerned with instability time constants and with modes of instability as exhibited by a boiling water reactor (BWR). 1 Time Constants Stability or instability is governed by a combination of time constants, such as circuit times or temperature responses of core components. Examples of the wide variety of effects that are possible are representative of the wide variety of time constants occurring in a reactor system. (a) The reactivity feedback mechanism can produce instability directly if the overall feedback is positive.

A) Absorption variation. The sodium removal reduces nonproductive absorption and relatively more neutrons are productively absorbed in the fuel. This is a positive effect. (b) Leakage changes. As the diffusion length increases it leads to a greater leakage and gives a negative contribution to the coefficient. (c) Moderation changes. There is less moderation and thus the fractional loss in energy per collision (the energy decrement) reduces and so the spectrum hardens. 4). (d) Self-Shielding. Self-shielding decreases giving a positive effect.

21 illustrates the behavior of a PWR following a load change (12). The sequence of interactions is as follows: (a) The turbine stop-valve is closed reducing the steam to the turbine. (b) As a result of the closure, the secondary pressure increases in the steam generator and steam drum (see Fig. 19). 1 Safety Evaluation Methods 44 (c) The saturation temperature rises with the pressure. (d) Heat transfer into the steam generator is inhibited by this rise of secondary temperature. (e) The primary coolant temperature rises as less heat is being removed.

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Fast Reactor Safety by John Graham (Eds.)


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