Get SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code PDF

By C. J. Date

ISBN-10: 1449316409

ISBN-13: 9781449316402

SQL is stuffed with problems and traps for the unwary. you could stay away from them if you happen to comprehend relational idea, yet provided that you understand how to place the idea into perform. during this insightful ebook, writer C.J. Date explains relational thought intensive, and demonstrates via a number of examples and workouts how one can practice it on to your use of SQL.

This moment version comprises new fabric on recursive queries, “missing information” with out nulls, new replace operators, and themes reminiscent of mixture operators, grouping and ungrouping, and examine updating. when you've got a modest-to-advanced historical past in SQL, you’ll how to take care of a number of universal SQL dilemmas.
* Why is right column naming so vital?
* Nulls on your database are inflicting you to get flawed solutions. Why? What are you able to do approximately it?
* Is it attainable to jot down an SQL question to discover staff who've by no means been within the comparable division for greater than six months at a time?
* SQL helps “quantified comparisons,” yet they’re greater refrained from. Why? How do you stay away from them?
* Constraints are crucially vital, yet such a lot SQL items don’t aid them accurately. What are you able to do to solve this example?

Database idea and perform have developed because the relational version was once constructed greater than forty years in the past. SQL and Relational idea attracts on many years of study to offer the main up to date remedy of SQL available.

C.J. Date has a stature that's special in the database undefined. A prolific author popular for the bestselling textbook An creation to Database Systems (Addison-Wesley), he has an extremely transparent sort whilst writing approximately advanced rules and theory.

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Additional info for SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code (2nd Edition)

Example text

Every subset of a body is a body: For example, consider the body of the suppliers relation in Fig. 3. That body has five tuples, corresponding to the five suppliers S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5. And if we remove (say) the S1 and S3 tuples, what’s left is still a body, a body of cardinality three. Note: Perhaps I should state for the record here that throughout this book─in accordance with normal practice─I take expressions of the form “B is a subset of A” to include the possibility that A and B might be equal.

Before analyzing the DCO idea in detail, I want to look at a simpler example. Consider the following two queries on the suppliers-and-parts database: SELECT ... QTY │ │ │ SELECT ... QTY = 0 Assuming, reasonably enough, that weights and quantities are defined on different domains, the query on the left is clearly invalid. But what about the one on the right? According to Codd, that one’s valid! In his book The Relational Model for Database Management Version 2 (Addison-Wesley, 1990), page 47, he says that in such a situation “the DBMS [merely] checks that the basic data types are the same”; in the case at hand, those “basic data types” are all just numbers (loosely speaking), and so that check succeeds.

It can be defined thus: Definition: A data model (second sense) is a model of the data─especially the persistent data─of some particular enterprise. In other words, a data model in the second sense is just a (logical, and possibly somewhat abstract) database design. For example, we might speak of the data model for some bank, or some hospital, or some government department. Having explained these two different meanings, I’d like to draw your attention to an analogy that I think nicely illuminates the relationship between them:  A data model in the first sense is like a programming language, whose constructs can be used to solve many specific problems but in and of themselves have no direct connection with any such specific problem.

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SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code (2nd Edition) by C. J. Date


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