The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage - download pdf or read online

By Susan Altman

ISBN-10: 0816038244

ISBN-13: 9780816038244

This variation has been completely revised and increased to incorporate new and up to date entries on many folks, areas, and occasions that experience received prominence lately, together with affirmative motion; legal justice, exertions, and estate rights; Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; John Robert Lewis; Tiger Woods; Sally Hemings; Marvin Gaye; and lots more and plenty extra. Fifty-two new pictures and 6 new maps convey the informative textual content vividly to lifestyles. The eye-catching A-to-Z entries are obtainable and widely cross-referenced to simplify study of a comparable subject. This hugely acclaimed and entire encyclopedia strains the wealthy and sundry tapestry woven via Africans-from those that remained on their ancestral continent to people who have been compelled to depart their houses and start back in a brand new land.

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In practice, this meant Aborigines were often beaten or murdered whenever conflicts with whites arose. Aborigines resisted through guerrilla warfare and by killing specific Europeans whom they regarded as guilty of crimes against them. They also killed sheep, horses, and cattle belonging to settlers and burned settlers' homes. However, Aborigine weapons were no match for European firearms, and an estimated 20,000 Aborigines and 2,0002,500 settlers were killed in this fighting. The combination of massacres, the destruction of the environment that supported the animals the Aborigines hunted, and the introduction of European diseases like cholera and influenza reduced the Aborigine population to approximately 60,000 by 1920.

The real reason, however, was to keep them from deserting their former masters, thus creating a crisis in the work force. On some of the smaller British islands, such as Bermuda and Antigua, little or no undeveloped land was available, and ex-slaves had no choice but to continue working for their former owners or starve. On those islands, all slaves were freed unconditionally. In places such as Jamaica, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and Dominica, there were thousands of acres of unclaimed land available, and the forced apprenticeship system allowed the planters to keep their labor force.

Anderson, Marian (18971993) opera singer. " A contralto, she began singing as a child at Philadelphia's Union Baptist Church. In 1925, she won the Lewisohn Stadium Concert Award after competing against 300 other young singers. This was followed by a concert tour and an appearance as a soloist with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Anderson then traveled throughout the world, singing to packed Marian Anderson preparing to sing at the dedication of a mural commemorating her historic free concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

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The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage by Susan Altman


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