By Bernard Lewis
ISBN-10: 0805241728
ISBN-13: 9780805241723
The center East is the birthplace of historic civilizations, yet lots of the smooth states that occupy its territory this day are of contemporary starting place, as are many key options of communal and person identification and loyalty that the peoples of the area now confront. within the a number of Identities of the center East, eminent heart East historian Bernard Lewis elucidates the severe function of identification within the household, nearby, and foreign tensions and conflicts of the center East today.Examining faith, race and language, kingdom, kingdom, and kingdom, Lewis strains the quick evolution of the identities of the center jap peoples, from the cave in of the centuries-old Ottoman Empire in 1918 to modern conflict of outdated and new allegiances. He exhibits how, in the course of the 20th century, imported Western principles comparable to liberalism, fascism, socialism, patriotism, and nationalism have reworked heart Easterners' historical notions of group, their self-perceptions, and their aspirations. To this interesting old portrait, Lewis brings an figuring out of the quarter and its peoples, in addition to a profound sympathy for the plight that the trendy international has imposed on them. the result's a useful software in our knowing of a space that's of accelerating international significance and trouble this present day.
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Additional resources for The Multiple Identities of the Middle East
Sample text
Neither term was used by it own worshippers to denote an ecclesiastical institution comparable with the church in Christendom. Classical Islamic thought and practice distinguish between the things of this world and the things of the other, and the different groups of people who look after them, but the same Holy Law regulates both. Such familiar pairs of words as lay and ecclesiastical, sacred RELIGION • 29 and profane, spiritual and temporal, and the like, have no equivalents in classical Arabic or in other Islamic languages, since the dichotomy which they express, deeply rooted in Christendom, was unknown in Islam until comparatively modern times.
But the rulers ofIran have indeed created an Islamic church, claiming both spiritual and temporal authority. They may soon confront an Islamic reformation. Islamic identity is not monolithic. In Egypt and generally in Muslim North Africa, Islam is overwhelmingly Sunnl and, since Shl'ism is virtually unknown, the difference is not felt to be important. Turkey too was long regarded as an exclusively Sunnl country, but in recent years, thanks to the growth of democratic institutions, the previously silent Shl'ite minorities have become increasingly visible and vocal.
Jews as individuals may have at times participated, in a subordinate capacity, in the political process. Jewish communal leaders did at times have some powers over their own people, but they were always limited powers under delegated authoritygreater under Muslim rule, smaller under Christian rule, but always delegated, limited, and revocable. There was no Jewish sovereign power. The memories of ancient Jewish sovereignty were too remote, the experience of modern Jewish sovereignty too brief, to provide much in the way of guidance.
The Multiple Identities of the Middle East by Bernard Lewis
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