X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals - download pdf or read online

By Myeongkyu Lee

ISBN-10: 1771882980

ISBN-13: 9781771882989

This informative new booklet describes the rules of X-ray diffraction and its functions to fabrics characterization. It comprises 3 components. the 1st offers with ordinary crystallography and optics, that is crucial for figuring out the idea of X-ray diffraction mentioned within the moment portion of the booklet. half 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction will be utilized for characterizing such quite a few kinds of fabrics as skinny movies, unmarried crystals, and powders. The 3rd component to the booklet covers purposes of X-ray diffraction.

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Extra info for X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications

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The inversion symmetry, characterized by the presence of a center of symmetry, makes the properties of a crystal along a certain direction and its opposite direction equalized. Unlike Si, GaAs lacks a center of symmetry. Therefore, GaAs has different etching rates on the (111) and (111) surfaces whose normals are oppositely directed. The presence of a center of symmetry is beneficial for some applications but not for others. 3. In crystals, there are sets of equivalent planes related by symmetry.

No matter what the unit cell is chosen, the crystal is trigonal once it exhibits three-fold rotational symmetry only. 13 (a) Diagram showing how a simple trigonal lattice can be constructed by stacking tri-equiangular nets. The first layer is marked with dots, the second layer with gray circles, and the third layer with open circles. The fourth layer overlaps the first layer. s is the separation of lattice points on the layer and h, the inter-layer height. (b) A primitive rhombohedral cell of the trigonal lattice.

23 Plane designation by Miller-Bravais indices (hkil) in the hexagonal system. 3. Center of symmetry vs. electro-optic effect For some applications, the crystal should not possess a center of symmetry. An example is given here. The electro-optic effect refers to the phenomenon that the refractive index of a material changes in response to an electric field. This effect is widely used in many electronic and optical devices. A function f(x) with variable x can be expanded into the following power series.

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