Download e-book for kindle: Person Reference in Interaction: Linguistic, Cultural and by N. J. Enfield, Tanya Stivers

By N. J. Enfield, Tanya Stivers

ISBN-10: 0521872456

ISBN-13: 9780521872454

How can we confer with humans in daily dialog? regardless of the language or tradition, we needs to make a choice from more than a few recommendations: complete identify ('Robert Smith'), lowered identify ('Bob'), description ('tall guy'), family time period ('my son') and so on. Our offerings replicate how we all know that individual in context, and make allowance us to take a specific point of view on them. This publication brings jointly a staff of prime linguists, sociologists and anthropologists to teach that there's extra to individual reference than meets the attention. Drawing on video-recorded, daily interactions in 9 languages, it examines the attention-grabbing ways that we take advantage of individual reference for social and cultural reasons, and divulges the underlying rules of individual reference throughout cultures from the Americas to Asia to the South Pacific. Combining wealthy ethnographic aspect with cross-linguistic generalizations, it is going to be welcomed by way of researchers and graduate scholars drawn to the connection among language and tradition.

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Additional resources for Person Reference in Interaction: Linguistic, Cultural and Social Perspectives (Language Culture and Cognition)

Sample text

Of the referent, while zeros rely on pragmatic inference (using the descriptive content of associated predicates). Secondly, they provide increasing pools of possible referents as far as the semantic conditions go: A name denotes one of a small set of people who bear that name, but a kin term usually denotes a larger set. For example, there may be ten Yidika’s on the island, but Yidika tp:oo ‘Yidika’s son’ is likely to be in forty ways ambiguous (on the ethnographically reasonable assumption that on average each Yidika has four sons).

What such a theory should be able to explain is the following: (1) The nature of person-referring expressions: It seems, as mentioned in the introduction, that personal names are universal (under a suitably catholic construal anyway). 9 A theory should tell us why. Similarly, as far as we know, kin terms are universal. (2) The principles underlying person reference: A theory should specify the correct formulation of the underlying principles (like Recognition, Economy and their ilk) and where they come from.

Thus, minimal descriptions of this sort carry more information than their short forms suggest. , in quotation particles, which are unanalysable elements meaning things of the kind ‘he said to me the day before yesterday’). The usage is perhaps not dissimilar to saying in English ‘They tell me it’s your birthday’, where the reference of they is either obvious, or not germane, or both. 42 Stephen C. Levinson These four types of referring expression, as summarized in (9), make up the great bulk of referring expressions to persons in Rossel conversation.

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Person Reference in Interaction: Linguistic, Cultural and Social Perspectives (Language Culture and Cognition) by N. J. Enfield, Tanya Stivers


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