Get English Auxiliaries: Structure and History PDF

By Anthony R. Warner

ISBN-10: 0511752997

ISBN-13: 9780511752995

ISBN-10: 0521103215

ISBN-13: 9780521103213

ISBN-10: 0521302846

ISBN-13: 9780521302845

Auxiliaries are essentially the most advanced parts of English syntax. war of words over either the rules and information in their grammar has been mammoth. Anthony Warner right here deals an in depth account of either their synchronic and diachronic homes. He first argues that lexical houses are crucial to their grammar, that is fairly non-abstract. He then lines intimately the background of procedures of grammaticalisation of their improvement and claims so much significantly that we will determine a gaggle of auxiliaries in English from an early interval on formal, not only semantic, grounds. This e-book meets the twin problem of accounting for either the grammar and the historical past of the English auxiliary. it will likely be crucial analyzing for all these drawn to English syntax and its heritage.

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Example text

But Baker does not really show that his principle is appropriate or sufficient. He refers in support to the absence of a past participle of stride (following Pullum and Wilson 1977): 'Given that the existing forms suffice to identify this verb as irregular, the paradigm is immune to being completed by the regular rule' (1981: 316). 16) and alternative analogies are available (broke - broken). It may indeed be that speakers have an insufficient basis here to predict a particular form. But there would be no morphological problem predicting the base form of can or will.

Given this, it is clear that both operators and nonfinite auxiliaries are best analysed as occurring in structures like (27) in basic, 'kernel' sentences. (27) Auxiliary Y The justification for this is that the sequence auxiliary + full verb + complement behaves like a constituent both in coordinations and in 'Right Node Raising' constructions, as does the sequence full verb + complement. The same points hold recursively for auxiliary + auxiliary + full verb + complement. This is true for modals, 'aspectual' be and have, 'passive' be, copula be, and possessive have (see Akmajian, Steele and Wasow 1979: 44; and esp.

In the first place, the complements of be have an independent distribution and semantics. This is argued in Chapter 2 for progressives. Passive phrases also occur independently, and see the phrasal analysis of the passive proposed in Bach (1979-80), Keenan (1980). Predicative phrases also show a limited independence. (32) a. What, Thatcher known to be a crypto communist! b. Anyone thought to be an Iraqi by the Home Secretary was interned. c. What, Dana advisor to the committee! Secondly, these different categories may be conjoined after be, and this argues for at least a measure of categorial identity.

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